The Relationship Between Lost Extremity Percentage and Postural Control, Neck and Low Back Pain, Daily Living Activities, and Reaction Time in Individuals With Unilateral Upper Limb Amputation

This observational study aims to examine the relationship between the percentage of limb loss and functional outcomes in individuals with unilateral upper limb amputation. Upper limb amputation can affect posture, balance control, pain levels, daily living activities, hand function, and reaction time. However, limited research has investigated how the amount of limb loss influences these outcomes. Participants between 18 and 65 years of age who use a myoelectric or bionic prosthesis will undergo a series of assessments. These assessments include measurements of postural control using a force platform, posture analysis, evaluation of neck and low back pain using a visual analog scale, daily living activities using a validated questionnaire, hand dexterity using the Box and Block Test, and reaction time using a visual stimulus device. The study does not involve any intervention or treatment. All evaluations will be performed during a single assessment session. The results of this study may help improve rehabilitation planning and provide better understanding of functional changes associated with different levels of limb loss in people with upper limb amputation.

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 18-65 years * Unilateral upper limb amputation * Use of a myoelectric or bionic prosthesis for at least 1 year * Current prosthesis use for a minimum of 3 months Exclusion Criteria: * Bilateral upper limb amputation * Additional amputation of another limb * Use of passive or cosmetic prosthesis * Presence of neurological or other significant orthopedic disorders unrelated to amputation