Unilateral Compound Training Reduces Lower-Limb Strength Asymmetry and Enhances Athletic Performance in Female Handball Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Lower-limb strength asymmetry is common among female handball players and may negatively affect athletic performance while increasing injury risk. This randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the effects of a six-week unilateral compound training program on lower-limb strength asymmetry, isokinetic muscle strength, hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio, body composition, and physical performance in competitive female handball players. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group receiving unilateral compound training in addition to regular handball training or a control group continuing regular handball training only. It was hypothesized that unilateral compound training would reduce strength asymmetry and improve neuromuscular performance compared with regular training alone.

Inclusion Criteria: * Female handball players aged 18-25 years. * Competing in the Turkish Women's 2nd Handball League. * Regular participation in team training (4 sessions/week) and official matches. * Voluntary participation with written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Current musculoskeletal injury or pain preventing participation in training. * History of lower-limb surgery within the previous 12 months. * Neurological, cardiovascular, or other medical conditions affecting exercise participation. * Failure to complete the intervention or assessment procedures.