Difficult Intubation in HoLEP Surgery

The goal of this observational study is to determine the incidence of difficult intubation and evaluate the associated clinical risk factors in patients undergoing Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP) surgery under general anesthesia. The main questions it aims to answer are: What is the incidence of difficult intubation among patients undergoing HoLEP surgery? Are clinical parameters such as increased BMI, alpha-blocker use, high prostate volume, high ASA score, and high Mallampati class independent risk factors for difficult intubation in this specific patient population? Participants' data will be evaluated retrospectively, and the study involves the following tasks based on medical records: Reviewing preoperative demographic and clinical data including age, BMI, ASA score, comorbid diseases, alpha-blocker use, smoking history, and Mallampati class. Extracting intraoperative airway management data such as Cormack-Lehane score, number of intubation attempts, and the use of alternative devices like videolaryngoscopes or gum elastic bougies. Analyzing surgical parameters including prostate volume and total operation duration to identify their relationship with intubation outcomes.

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients aged over 18 years Underwent elective HoLEP (Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate) surgery Received general anesthesia Exclusion Criteria: Emergency surgery Missing or incomplete anesthesia records Pre-existing known advanced airway anomalies History of tracheostomy