Biofeedback Training Targeting at Knee Proprioception

The goal of this clinical trial was to learn if a localized knee exercise program with visual and auditory feedback improves joint awareness (proprioception) and movement quality in young adults with a history of knee injuries. It also evaluated the feasibility and safety of performing these exercises. The main questions it aimed to answer were: 1. Does targeted knee training with instant audio and visual warnings improve joint position awareness and decrease movement fear? 2. Is a supervised laboratory biofeedback training program more effective at improving knee function and movement consistency than an independent home training program? 3. How reliable is a manual goniometer compared to an isokinetic machine when measuring joint position errors? Researchers used a crossover design where every participant completed both the home-based training program and the laboratory-based biofeedback program, separated by a two-week rest period, to compare the effectiveness of the two approaches. Participants did: 1. Complete two separate three-week training blocks (two sessions per week) performing squats, lunge patterns, and sidesteps. 2. Attend testing sessions at the lab before and after each training block to evaluate balance, movement consistency, and joint position awareness. 3. Wear smart shoe insoles and surface body sensors during testing and laboratory training to track force and joint angles. 4. Keep a log of exercises and note any side effects when training independently at home.

Inclusion Criteria: * Between the age of 18 to 64 years old. * If the participants have a prior injury to the knee, the injury must have occurred no less than one year ago with any physical therapy concluding no less than 6 months ago. * They are able to understand English and follow verbal instructions. Exclusion Criteria: * People who have a current neurological or musculoskeletal pathology. * Pregnant women. * People who had other injury/traumatic event to the lower extremity in the last year besides the knee.