Network-Guided Individualized TMS for BPSD in Alzheimer's Disease: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Evaluate the safety and efficacy of personalized network-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation for treating behavioral and psychological symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Inclusion Criteria: * 1.Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease according to the 2011 NIA-AA diagnostic criteria. 2.Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score between 10 and 24; 3.Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score between 0.5 and 2; 4.Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) score ≥4; 5.Education duration ≥5 years, or ability to complete the required cognitive and neuropsychological assessments; 6.Age ≥50 years and right-handedness; 7.Stable use of anti-dementia medications, including an NMDA receptor antagonist and/or cholinesterase inhibitors, for at least one month before rTMS intervention; 8.The patient and his or her family member or legal representative are able to understand the study procedures and provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * 1\. Recevied rTMS treatment in the past 3 months. 2. Depression or other psychiatric disorders. 3. History of head injury, stroke, epilepsy or other neurologic disease. 4. Organic brain defects on T1 or T2 images. 5. History of unexplained loss of consciousness. 6. Implanted pacemaker, medication pump, vagal stimulator, deep brain stimulator, or any implanted medical device that is incompatible with MRI. 7. Family history of medication refractory epilepsy. 8. History of substance abuse within the last 6 months.