Stress Ball and Video Distraction During Pediatric Enema

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of stress ball use and video distraction during enema administration on fear, anxiety, and pain levels in children treated in the pediatric emergency department. Children aged 6-12 years will be randomly assigned to either the stress ball group or the video distraction group. Fear, anxiety, and pain will be assessed using validated measurement tools before, during, and after the procedure. The findings are expected to provide evidence for effective non-pharmacological interventions to improve children's comfort during enema administration.

* Aged 6-12 years. * Admitted to the pediatric emergency department. * Scheduled to undergo enema administration for functional constipation or abdominal distension. * Able to communicate in Turkish. * No cognitive or neurological impairment. * No diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. * No analgesic use within the preceding 6 hours. * Written informed consent obtained from a parent or legal guardian and assent obtained from the child. Exclusion Criteria: * An acute abdominal condition requiring emergency surgery. * A diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease or inflammatory bowel disease. * Severe visual or hearing impairment that prevents participation in the study. * Refusal of the child or parent/legal guardian to participate. * Inability to complete the study procedures.