Effect of Corticosteroid Injection in Symptomatic Pulpitis Cases

This randomized clinical trial compared standard single-visit root canal treatment with adjunctive submucosal betamethasone and gentamicin in 100 patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, assessing postoperative pain and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, MMP-9, and RANKL).

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis * Presence of spontaneous pain or pain persisting after removal of the stimulus * Teeth indicated for endodontic treatment * Systemically healthy individuals * Patients able to read and sign the informed consent form * Patients able to complete postoperative pain assessment forms * Patients able to attend the 4-day follow-up visit Exclusion Criteria: * Individuals with systemic disease or immunosuppression * Patients with contraindications to corticosteroid or gentamicin use * Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals * Recent use of antibiotics, analgesics, or anti-inflammatory drugs * Presence of advanced periodontal disease in the affected tooth * Presence of acute periapical or periodontal abscess * Teeth with previous endodontic treatment