The Relationship Between Psychological Well-being, Social Support, and Disease Self-management in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy

This study will look at the psychological well-being and social support of people with diabetic kidney disease and how these factors are related to how well they manage their condition. Participants will complete questionnaires about their emotional well-being, the support they receive from others, and how they care for their disease. The results may help healthcare professionals better understand patients' needs and develop ways to improve disease self-management and overall health. The findings may also provide useful information for future research on diabetic kidney disease.

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 18 years or older. * Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease. * Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1-5, classified by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), without receiving dialysis. * Mentally competent and without diagnosed psychiatric disorders. * Able to communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese and understand the questionnaire * Willing to participate in the study and provide written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. * End-stage kidney disease requiring dialysis. * Severe cognitive impairment or inability to complete the questionnaire independently. * History of major psychiatric disorders documented in the medical records.