3D-Printed vs Conventional Fixed Retainers After Orthodontic Treatment

This randomized clinical trial aims to compare the clinical performance of two types of three-dimensionally printed fixed retainers (Cobalt-Chromium and Titanium Grade 5) with the conventional multistranded stainless steel fixed retainer following orthodontic treatment. Thirty-six participants will be randomly allocated into three parallel groups with a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. The primary outcome is post-treatment stability assessed by Little's Irregularity Index and lower arch dimensions. Secondary outcomes include bond failure rate and periodontal parameters over a 12-month follow-up period.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age range 21-35 years old after finishing orthodontic treatment. * Presence of all maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth with normal shape and size. * Completion of orthodontic treatment with full fixed appliances. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with cleft lip and/or palate or any other craniofacial syndrome * Patients with compromised oral hygiene or periodontal disease * Patients who had orthognathic surgery * Lingual appliance treatments * Enamel hypoplasia, fluorosis, active caries, restorations, or fractures in the anterior teeth * Patients who had separate arch debondings with a difference of more than 2 months in-between jaws