Serum Ferroptosis Biomarkers (GPX4, MDA) in Alopecia Areata

This study aims to investigate the potential role of the ferroptosis pathway in the pathogenesis and clinical course of Alopecia Areata (AA). Serum concentrations of two key ferroptosis biomarkers-Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a primary antioxidant enzyme protecting against lipid peroxidation, and Malondialdehyde (MDA), a major end-product of lipid membrane damage-will be quantitatively measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits. A total of 156 participants will be enrolled, consisting of 104 patients diagnosed with Alopecia Areata (subdivided into acute and chronic cohorts) and 52 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum biomarker levels will be statistically compared among the groups to determine their diagnostic value. Furthermore, these biomarker levels will be correlated with clinical disease extension evaluated via the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score and objective trichoscopic activity findings (such as black dots, yellow dots, and exclamation mark hairs). The ultimate goal of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate whether serum GPX4 and MDA can serve as reliable objective biomarkers for monitoring disease severity, staging, and trichoscopic activity in Alopecia Areata management.The ultimate goal of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate whether serum GPX4 and MDA can serve as reliable objective biomarkers for monitoring disease severity, staging, and trichoscopic activity in Alopecia Areata management.

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients aged between 18 and 65 years. * Formally diagnosed with Alopecia Areata based on clinical and trichoscopic examination. * Healthy volunteers with no personal or family history of alopecia or any systemic inflammatory/autoimmune conditions (for the healthy control group). * Patients who have provided written informed consent before any study-related procedures. Exclusion Criteria: * Use of topical corticosteroids, intralesional steroid injections, or topical calcineurin inhibitors within the last 1 month. * Use of systemic immunosuppressive therapies, systemic corticosteroids, or JAK inhibitors within the last 3 months. * Presence of any other co-existing active autoimmune or inflammatory skin diseases (e.g., Psoriasis, Vitiligo, or active autoimmune thyroiditis with elevated TSH levels). * History of malignancy, active severe infection, chronic hepatic failure, or chronic renal failure. * Pregnancy or lactation. * History of heavy smoking or uncontrolled/regular use of antioxidant or vitamin supplements (e.g., Vitamin E, Vitamin C, CoQ10, NMN, resveratrol).