Effects of Different Transport Methods on Preoperative Anxiety and Fear in Preschool Children

Preoperative anxiety and fear are common among preschool children undergoing surgery and may negatively affect perioperative cooperation and postoperative recovery. This study aims to evaluate the effects of three different operating room transport methods (walking with a parent, stretcher transport, and battery-powered ride-on car transport) on preoperative anxiety and fear levels in preschool children undergoing day surgery. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of child-friendly, non-pharmacological interventions to improve the perioperative experience of children.

Inclusion Criteria: * Children aged 3-6 years (36-72 months). Scheduled to undergo elective surgery in the Department of Pediatric Surgery. Able to communicate appropriately for their age. Have sufficient cognitive development to respond to the study assessment scales. Child and parent/legal guardian are able to speak and understand Turkish. Written informed consent obtained from the child's legal guardian (and child assent obtained when appropriate). Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of visual, hearing, or communication impairments that could interfere with study participation. Receipt of premedication requiring sedation due to an emergency condition. Presence of severe pain that could affect anxiety assessment before surgery. Inability to safely use the battery-powered ride-on car because of physical or mobility limitations before surgery. Withdrawal of consent by the child's legal guardian or the child's unwillingness to continue participation.