Study of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin secondary to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells , historically individuals with T1D are not liable for metabolic complications. Recent evidence suggests a prevalence of MASLD in approximately 22.2% of adults with T1D; moreover, significant fibrosis (\> F2) is observed 'in 13.2% and advanced fibrosis (\> F3) in 5.12% of them (1) The development of MASLD is related to a persistence of inflammatory state and is favored by lipotoxicity due to the accumulation of free cholesterol(2) In individuals with T1D, MASLD risk may be influenced by disease-specific factors, including lifelong exposure to exogenous insulin, peripheral hyperinsulinemia with relative portal hypoinsulinemia, chronic hyperglycemia, marked glycemic variability, recurrent hypoglycemia, and progressive alterations in body composition. Even in the absence of classical insulin resistance, these factors may promote hepatic denovo lipogenesis, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation through alternative metabolic pathways Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin secondary to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells , historically individuals with T1D are not liable for metabolic complications. Recent evidence suggests a prevalence of MASLD in approximately 22.2% of adults with T1D; moreover, significant fibrosis (\> F2) is observed 'in 13.2% and advanced fibrosis (\> F3) in 5.12% of them (1) The development of MASLD is related to a persistence of inflammatory state and is favored by lipotoxicity due to the accumulation of free cholesterol(2) In individuals with T1D, MASLD risk may be influenced by disease-specific factors, including lifelong exposure to exogenous insulin, peripheral hyperinsulinemia with relative portal hypoinsulinemia, chronic hyperglycemia, marked glycemic variability, recurrent hypoglycemia, and progressive alterations in body composition. Even in the absence of classical insulin resistance, these factors may promote hepatic denovo lipogenesis, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation through alternative metabolic pathways Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin secondary to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells , historically individuals with T1D are not liable for metabolic complications. Recent evidence suggests a prevalence of MASLD in approximately 22.2% of adults with T1D; moreover, significant fibrosis (\> F2) is observed 'in 13.2% and advanced fibrosis (\> F3) in 5.12% of them (1) The development of MASLD is related to a persistence of inflammatory state and is favored by lipotoxicity due to the accumulation of free cholesterol(2) In individuals with T1D, MASLD risk may be influenced by disease-specific factors, including lifelong exposure to exogenous insulin, peripheral hyperinsulinemia with relative portal hypoinsulinemia, chronic hyperglycemia, marked glycemic variability, recurrent hypoglycemia, and progressive alterations in body composition. Even in the absence of classical insulin resistance, these factors may promote hepatic denovo lipogenesis, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation through alternative metabolic pathways Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin secondary to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells , historically individuals with T1D are not liable for metabolic complications. Recent evidence suggests a prevalence of MASLD in approximately 22.2% of adults with T1D; moreover, significant fibrosis (\> F2) is observed 'in 13.2% and advanced fibrosis (\> F3) in 5.12% of them (1) The development of MASLD is related to a persistence of inflammatory state and is favored by lipotoxicity due to the accumulation of free cholesterol(2) In individuals with T1D, MASLD risk may be influenced by disease-specific factors, including lifelong exposure to exogenous insulin, peripheral hyperinsulinemia with relative portal hypoinsulinemia, chronic hyperglycemia, marked glycemic variability, recurrent hypoglycemia, and progressive alterations in body composition. Even in the absence of classical insulin resistance, these factors may promote hepatic denovo lipogenesis, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation through alternative metabolic pathways

Inclusion Criteria: 1. age ≥ 18years, 2. diagnosis of T1DM Exclusion Criteria (1)Type 2 diabetes mellitus (2) using glucocorticoids (3) long-term alcohol consumption (4) previous diagnosis of other chronic liver diseases (viral, autoimmune, etc.), major diseases such as liver cirrhosis or tumors \-