GNRI and Rectus Femoris Muscle Thickness in Older Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery

This prospective observational study will evaluate whether nutritional risk and reduced muscle mass are associated with postoperative outcomes in adults aged 65 years or older undergoing surgery for hip fracture. Nutritional risk will be assessed using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), which is calculated from routine preoperative serum albumin, body weight, and ideal body weight. Rectus femoris muscle thickness will be measured before surgery using a brief, noninvasive ultrasound examination of the non-fractured thigh. Participants will receive routine clinical care, and no treatment or anesthesia method will be assigned by the study. Clinical information will be collected from hospital records, including postoperative length of hospital stay, surgical site infection, and mortality. Survival status will be evaluated at 30 and 90 days after surgery using hospital records and/or telephone follow-up.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 65 years or older * Scheduled to undergo surgical treatment for hip fracture * Provision of informed consent by the participant or, when applicable, a legally authorized representative Exclusion Criteria: * Pathological fracture or fracture related to malignancy * Advanced neuromuscular disease * Active infection * Planned revision surgery * Lower limb amputation or severe deformity preventing rectus femoris muscle thickness measurement * Inability to obtain informed consent from the participant or a legally authorized representative