3D Printed vs CAD/CAM Rehabilitation of Primary Anterior Teeth Loss

compare 3D Printed versus CAD/CAM fabricated modified fixed appliance for rehabilitation of premature loss of anterior teeth in preschool children

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Healthy children (ASA I or II) 2. Premature loss of one to four maxillary primary incisors 3. At least 6 months remaining before the expected eruption of the permanent successor 4. Presence of sufficient healthy abutment teeth (primary canines) 5. Adequate oral hygiene (Plaque Index ≤1). 6. Cooperative child (Frankl Behavior Rating 3, 4). Exclusion Criteria: 1. Children with craniofacial anomalies or syndromes (e.g., cleft lip and palate). 2. Children with developmental dental anomalies affecting the anterior region (e.g., hypodontia, severe enamel defects). 3. Severe gingivitis or periodontal disease around the abutment teeth. 4. Deep bite, severe malocclusion, or traumatic occlusion that could interfere with appliance function. 5. Parafunctional habits that could increase appliance failure( Bruxism, Nail biting, Biting hard objects). 6. Persistent oral habits that may affect appliance stability