Periodontal Tissue Stability After Surgical Correction of Altered Passive Eruption

This prospective, single-group interventional study will evaluate the stability of periodontal tissues after esthetic periodontal surgery for the correction of altered passive eruption in individuals with excessive gingival display. Ten adult participants with excessive gingival display associated with altered passive eruption and involvement of the alveolar bone will be included. Participants will undergo esthetic crown-lengthening surgery consisting of gingivectomy and osseous recontouring. Periodontal clinical measurements, intraoral digital scans, cone-beam computed tomography, standardized photographs, and patient-reported outcomes will be obtained before surgery and during follow-up. Clinical and three-dimensional tissue changes, esthetic perception, satisfaction, and oral health-related quality of life will be evaluated for up to 12 months after treatment.

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults with an esthetic complaint related to excessive gingival display. * Diagnosis of altered passive eruption as one of the etiologic factors associated with excessive gingival display. * Altered passive eruption involving the alveolar bone. Exclusion Criteria: * Current orthodontic treatment. * Active periodontal disease. * Systemic conditions that contraindicate periodontal surgical procedures, including uncontrolled autoimmune diseases. * Use of medications that may interfere with the inflammatory response or wound healing, including corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents. * Current smokers. * Former smokers who discontinued smoking less than 12 months before enrollment. * Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals. * Excessive gingival display primarily associated with lip hypermobility or vertical maxillary excess without concomitant altered passive eruption.