Validation of the Vision Trainer Clinical Decision-Support Software

This study is a prospective, randomized, crossover clinical investigation designed to evaluate the accuracy, efficiency, and usability of the Vision Trainer software for subjective refraction. The study compares software-guided refraction, implemented using both Jackson Cross Cylinder (JCC) and Non-JCC workflows, against standard unassisted manual refraction performed by trained examiners

Inclusion Criteria: * Provision of signed and dated informed consent form prior to any study procedures. * Age ≥18 years at the time of informed consent. * Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of at least 20/40 in both eyes, measured with current spectacle or contact lens correction. * Able to provide informed consent in English. * Willing and able to complete an approximately 25-30-minute study visit * No significant ocular pathology or media opacity that would preclude accurate standard refraction. Exclusion Criteria: * Ocular pathology significantly affecting visual function: untreated or advanced glaucoma, advanced age-related macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy with vision loss, current retinal detachment, or other posterior segment disease materially impairing BCVA. * Recent ocular surgery within the prior 6 months, including refractive surgery (LASIK, PRK, SMILE, phakic IOL), cataract surgery, or other intraocular procedures. * Spherical equivalent refractive error exceeding ±12 Diopters. * Any medical condition or circumstance that, in the judgment of the Investigator, would preclude safe or valid participation.