Immersive Gamified Virtual Reality-Based Training for Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

This study evaluates a gamified virtual reality (VR) training program designed to help children with ADHD. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: the VR training group, a traditional training group, or a waitlist group. Children in both training groups will complete 12 sessions over three weeks. To measure the program's effectiveness, researchers will test all participants four times: before the study starts, immediately after the training ends, and at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. Finally, children from the VR group will be interviewed after the 6-month check-in to share their experiences, including the benefits and challenges they encountered.

Inclusion Criteria: * (1) children aged between 6 and 12 years; * (2) a diagnosis of ADHD by a psychologist or psychiatrist according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria for ADHD; * (3) able to speak, listen and understand Cantonese; * (4) willing to provide informed consent from the participants and the legal guardian of the participants. Exclusion Criteria: * (1) with comorbid conduct/behaviour problems; * (2) with a physical or learning disability that affects the ability to conduct the intervention; * (3) with an abnormal intellectual ability (unable to understand the materials delivered in the intervention); * (4) initiation or change of ADHD medication during the study period; * (5) history of severe motion sickness; * (6) have participated in other psychological interventions for regulating ADHD-related symptoms.