Temporal Interference Stimulation Combined With Tai Chi for Mild Cognitive Impairment

This study aims to evaluate whether individualized hippocampal transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) combined with Tai Chi training can improve cognitive function and dual-task performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either active or sham individualized tTIS combined with Tai Chi training for 8 weeks. The study will also investigate changes in brain structure and function using neuroimaging and assess whether the intervention effects are maintained during follow-up.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 60-80 years * Community-dwelling * Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score \< 26 * Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score = 0.5 * Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score \< 26 (largely intact daily function) * Does not meet criteria for dementia diagnosis (based on DSM-5 or NIA-AA criteria) * No contraindications for MRI examination (no metallic implants, no claustrophobia) * Able to provide written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Neurological conditions that may cause cognitive decline (e.g., cerebrovascular disease, encephalitis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease) * Severe visual, auditory, or language impairments preventing completion of neuropsychological assessments * Severe depression (Geriatric Depression Scale \> 10) or other major psychiatric disorders * History of seizures or epilepsy * Previous deep brain stimulation or electroconvulsive therapy within 6 months * Alcohol or substance dependence * Concurrent participation in another interventional clinical trial * Contraindications for non-invasive brain stimulation: electronic or ferromagnetic implants, non-MRI compatible metal implants, history of seizures, pregnancy