Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad Program for Reducing Parenting Stress

This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of the culturally adapted Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad (BTA) program, an Urdu adaptation of the Mindful Parenting Program developed by Bögels and Restifo, in reducing parenting stress and improving parent and child outcomes among Pakistani mothers. Mothers of children aged 6-11 years were randomly assigned to either a nine-session BTA intervention or a waitlist control group. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and immediately after the intervention using standardized measures of parenting stress, parenting competence, mindful parenting, parental well-being, and child behavioral and emotional problems. The study aimed to determine whether participation in BTA would reduce parenting stress while enhancing mindful parenting, parental well-being, and children's behavioral and emotional functioning in a non-clinical community sample.

Inclusion Criteria: * Married mothers living with their spouses. Mothers of children (boys or girls) aged 6 to 11 years. Minimum educational qualification of matriculation with the ability to understand, read, and write Urdu. Community (non-clinical) sample with no participant undergoing psychological treatment or taking psychotropic medication. Exclusion Criteria: * Individuals not living with their spouse. Parents of children outside the age range of 6 to 11 years. Individuals with less than a matriculation education or unable to understand, read, and write Urdu. Participants currently receiving psychological treatment or taking psychotropic medication.