ULTRASOUND ASSESSMENT OF GASTRİC VOLUME IN PREGNANT WOMEN UNDERGOİNG ELECTİVE CESAREAN SECTİON, WITH AND WITHOUT GESTATİONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY IS TO COMPARE GASTRIC VOLUME PRIOR TO ELECTIVE CESAREAN SECTION BETWEEN PREGNANT WOMEN DIAGNOSED WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS (GDM) AND THOSE WITHOUT GDM. THE SECONDARY OBJECTIVES ARE TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF GDM ON PREOPERATIVE RESIDUAL GASTRIC VOLUME AND TO OBTAIN DATA THAT COULD CONTRIBUTE TO CLINICAL ANESTHESIA PRACTICES REGARDING THE RISK OF ASPIRATION. THIS STUDY AIMS TO OBTAIN OBJECTIVE ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DATA REGARDING THE ADEQUACY OF STANDARD FASTING PERIODS IN PREGNANT WOMEN, PARTICULARLY IN THE PRESENCE OF GDM.

Inclusion Criteria: * PREGNANT WOMEN AGED 18-65 YEARS WITH A SINGLETON PREGNANCY, * GESTATIONAL AGE OF 36 WEEKS OR MORE, * ASA PHYSICAL STATUS CLASSIFICATION OF II-III WILL BE INCLUDED IN THE STUDY. * PARTICIPANTS WILL BE SELECTED FROM PATIENTS SCHEDULED FOR ELECTIVE CESAREAN SECTION WHO HAVE BEEN INFORMED ABOUT THE OBJECTIVES AND PROCEDURES OF THE STUDY AND WHO SIGN THE INFORMED CONSENT FORM. Exclusion Criteria: * EMERGENCY CESAREAN SECTION CASES. * MULTIPLE PREGNANCIES. * PATIENTS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES, INCLUDING SYMPTOMATIC OR TREATMENT-REQUIRING GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE, PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE, ACTIVE SYMPTOMATIC GASTRITIS, A HISTORY OF DIABETIC GASTROPARESIS, INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (CROHN'S DISEASE OR ULCERATIVE COLITIS), OR A HISTORY OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY, PARTICULARLY GASTRIC OR ESOPHAGEAL SURGERY. * PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC DISEASES THAT MAY AFFECT GASTRIC MOTILITY, INCLUDING TYPE 1 OR TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (EXCLUDING GDM), UNCONTROLLED HYPOTHYROIDISM OR HYPERTHYROIDISM, NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES (E.G., PARKINSON'S DISEASE, MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, OR AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY), OR CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES (E.G., SCLERODERMA). * PATIENTS WITH SEVERE SYSTEMIC COMORBIDITIES, INCLUDING ASA PHYSICAL STATUS CLASSIFICATION IV OR HIGHER, ADVANCED CARDIAC DISEASE (E.G., NYHA CLASS III-IV HEART FAILURE), ADVANCED RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISEASE (E.G., SEVERE CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE OR RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE), RENAL FAILURE (STAGE 4-5 CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE), OR HEPATIC FAILURE (CHILD-PUGH CLASS B-C). * PATIENTS USING MEDICATIONS THAT MAY AFFECT GASTRIC MOTILITY, INCLUDING PROKINETIC AGENTS, ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS, OR OPIOIDS. * PATIENTS WHO REFUSE TO PARTICIPATE IN THE STUDY OR DO NOT SIGN THE INFORMED CONSENT FORM.