Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate for Post-Endoscopic Symptoms After Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy With Biopsy

This randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated whether intravenous magnesium sulfate reduces esophageal symptoms after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) with biopsy in adult patients. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either intravenous magnesium sulfate or 0.9% sodium chloride placebo. Post-endoscopic esophageal symptoms were assessed using the Modified Esophageal Symptoms Questionnaire (M-ESQ) at 1, 4, 24, and 48 hours after the procedure. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and total calcium concentrations were measured before the procedure and 1 hour after the procedure to evaluate inflammatory and pharmacodynamic responses to magnesium sulfate.

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 18 years or older. * Scheduled to undergo elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) with mucosal biopsy under general anesthesia. * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III. * Able to provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * History of hypersensitivity to magnesium sulfate. * Severe renal dysfunction. * Second- or third-degree atrioventricular block. * Neuromuscular disease. * Chronic opioid therapy. * Pregnancy or lactation. * Any condition that could interfere with completion of postoperative assessments.