Clinic Validation of Three Virtual Reality Environments.

Background: The healthcare sector has particularly embraced Virtual Reality (VR) applications, demonstrating its efficacy in creating relaxing virtual environments reduce stress and anxiety symptoms. Recent investigations highlight the therapeutic value of nature-based "Head Mounted Display" (HMD)-VR environments as accessible and low-intensity interventions. Aim: The aim is the health validation of three HMD-VR environments to promote emotional well-being and improve the mood of patients in intermediate units. Methods: This research uses mixed methodology to validate three VR immersive environments with human-centred design and verify their impact with a study sample consisting of 80 patients from the Intermediate units; 50 women and 30 men, of whom 40 participants viewed the three environments in 3D 360° VR on HMD, and 40 participants viewed the same three environments in 2D on tablets. All participants answered the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Questionnaire (PANAS), the Slater-Usoh-Steed (SUS), and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ).

Inclusion criteria. * Patients of the Intermediate Unit at either of two hospitals: the Hospital de Sant Jaume de Manlleu or the University Hospital of Santa Creu de Vic. * Individuals aged 18 years or older were included. * Participation in the study was voluntary, and all individuals provided written informed consent before enrolment. * Both men and women were eligible, seeking a balanced gender distribution and patient willingness. Exclusion criteria: * Binocular or auditory anomalies. * Pre-existing psychiatric disorders. * Serious medical conditions (e.g., cardiovascular disease, epilepsy, or implanted electronic devices like pacemakers) that could be negatively impacted by HMD-VR technology.