Comparison of Risk Scores in Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

The goal of this prospective observational study is to compare the Glasgow-Blatchford Score (GBS), AIMS65, and pre-endoscopic Rockall Score in predicting outcomes among patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). The main questions it aims to answer are: Which score best predicts in-hospital mortality and need for clinical intervention? Which score best predicts rebleeding and length of hospital stay? Researchers will compare the predictive performance of the three scoring systems. Participants will have their clinical and laboratory data collected and will be followed during their hospital stay for relevant outcomes.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥16 years. * Presenting with acute UGIB (hematemesis, melena, or hematochezia). * Patients providing informed written consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding or uncertain source of bleeding. * Patients with prior UGIB within the last 30 days. * Patients refusing consent. * Patients who are lost to follow-up before assessment of primary outcomes.