Hyperparathyroidism and Dialysis Adequacy in Hemodialysis Patients

This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism among end-stage renal disease patients on regular hemodialysis and to evaluate its relationship with dialysis adequacy at Assiut University Hospitals.

Inclusion Criteria: * \- Age 18 years or older * Diagnosed with end-stage renal disease * Maintained on regular thrice-weekly hemodialysis for at least three consecutive months * Written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * \- Primary hyperparathyroidism or prior parathyroidectomy * Active severe infections or acute systemic illnesses * Active malignancy * Severe hepatic dysfunction or chronic liver cirrhosis