Indocyanine Green With Near Infrared Imaging for Intraoperative Visualization of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

This observational study will examine how closely first-window indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence corresponds to the extent of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma identified by tissue biopsy. ICG is a fluorescent dye given into a vein during surgery. Patients receive ICG as part of their clinical care, independently of whether they participate in this study. The study plans to enroll 25 adults undergoing surgery for confirmed or strongly suspected cancer. Researchers will record near-infrared images obtained during clinical ICG use, compare them with tissue pathology, and measure the strength, timing, and duration of fluorescence. The research analysis will not guide clinical or surgical decisions. Participants will be followed through 24 hours after surgery.

Inclusion Criteria: * Histologically or cytologically confirmed, or strong clinical suspicion contingent on standard of care pre-operative assessment, of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), preparing to undergo surgical resection. * At least 18 years of age. * The effects of ICG on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason, women of childbearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception prior to surgery and for 1 week after surgery. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant during this time or should a man suspect he has fathered a child, s/he must inform her treating physician immediately. * Ability to understand and willingness to sign an IRB approved written informed consent document. Exclusion Criteria: * A history of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to ICG, sodium iodide, or other agents used in the study. * Thyroid radioactive uptake study within 1 week of ICG administration. * Pregnant and/or breastfeeding. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 1 day of surgery.