Virtual Reality Training to Support Daily Activities for People Living With Dementia

This study will test whether a home-based virtual reality training program can help people living with dementia practice everyday activities. Many people with dementia experience difficulty completing instrumental activities of daily living, such as preparing food, washing dishes, managing money, or completing household tasks. Virtual reality may provide a safe and engaging way to practice these activities in a realistic environment. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group will use a virtual reality training program focused on everyday activities, and the other group will complete cognitive stimulation activities, such as word puzzles. The study will last four weeks, with 30-minute sessions completed at home five times per week. Participants will complete assessments at the beginning of the study, after the four-week program, and again four weeks later. The study team hypothesizes that people who use the virtual reality training program may show greater improvements in everyday activity performance, engagement, and quality of life compared with people who complete traditional cognitive stimulation activities.

Inclusion Criteria: * Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or a dementia-related condition that shares similar or overlapping symptoms with Alzheimer's disease, confirmed by a licensed healthcare provider (e.g., neurologist, geriatrician, or primary care physician); for caregiver-reported diagnoses, supporting documentation must be obtained prior to enrollment. * MMSE score between 20 to 25 (mild dementia) * Capacity to consent * Ability to engage meaningfully in at least one IADL task relevant to the intervention, ensuring capacity to interact with the functional tasks targeted within the VR system. * Safe, quiet home environment appropriate for VR, with access to an indoor space suitable for engaging in study activities: At least 3 × 3 feet of unobstructed floor space. Adequate lighting to clearly view the device and physical surroundings. Stable chair without wheels for VR use. * Willingness and ability to follow the study protocol, including completion of 30-minute intervention sessions five times per week for four weeks and participation in assessment sessions at baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 4), and follow-up (Week 8). * English language proficiency sufficient to complete the intervention and assessments, including interviews, cognitive testing, and interactive VR tasks. * Participants must have access to a smartphone, owned by the participant or their caregiver, and be willing to use it to host the VR application. Caregivers' inclusion criteria include: * Age 18 years or older * Primary familial or spousal caregiver who provides daily care Exclusion Criteria: * Impaired reasoning/judgment that affects daily life * Severe visual, hearing, or motor impairments that would limit the participant's ability to use VR safely or engage with the system's content. * Significant psychiatric or neurological conditions (e.g., active psychosis, uncontrolled depression, recent seizures) that may interfere with participation or safety. * Medical conditions that pose safety risks, including those that could be aggravated by visual immersion (e.g., uncontrolled vertigo, history of VR-induced motion sickness). * Significant acute or chronic medical, neurological, or other illnesses that, in the judgment of the principal investigator (PI), could compromise participant safety, hinder study completion, or interfere with study objectives. * Concurrent participation in other interventional studies, particularly those involving cognitive rehabilitation or VR, that may confound study results. * MMSE score below 20, indicating cognitive impairments more advanced than mild dementia.