Guided Pterygoid Implants: an Accuracy Study

The aim of this clinical study is to evaluate the accuracy of placing pterygoid implants using custom-made surgical guides in patients with atrophied posterior maxilla. The study focuses on measuring how closely the actual implant position matches the virtual preoperative plan in terms of angle and distance.

Inclusion Criteria: \- The patients recruited for the study were selected according to the following criteria: * The age of the patients is between 20-60 years. * Partially and completely maxillary edentulous patients whose sinus pneumatization and refuse other treatment options. * Bone height related to the sinus is less than 5 mm. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Prior radiation therapy 2. Soft and hard tissue pathology at the operation site • Systemically: 1\. Patients with uncontrolled systemic disease 2. Previous chemotherapy and/or antiresorptive agents 3. Heavy smoking (e.g., two packs per day)