Low-Fidelity Simulation Training for Leopold Maneuvers in Midwifery Students

This study evaluates whether adding hands-on practice with a low-fidelity simulation model to standard classroom instruction improves second-year midwifery students' knowledge, clinical performance, and self-confidence in performing Leopold's maneuvers, compared with standard instruction alone. Participants will be randomly assigned to a simulation group or a control group. Knowledge and skill are assessed immediately after training and again 28 days later to evaluate retention.

Inclusion Criteria: * Second-year midwifery student * Enrolled in the Obstetrics I course for the first time * Able to speak and understand Turkish * 18 years of age or older * Provides written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * First-, third-, or fourth-year midwifery student * Repeating the Obstetrics I course due to failure or grade improvement * Does not provide informed consent