Ecological Momentary Assessment of Smoking Triggers, Needs, and Cigarette Forgoing

This study will evaluate a smartphone-based program designed to support adults who smoke cigarettes. Participants will use the spark app to complete brief surveys during the day and a daily evening survey about their smoking urges, smoking, decisions not to smoke, and everyday experiences. Participants will also log cigarettes when they smoke. After some cigarette logs, participants will answer a few additional questions about their situation and feelings; after others, they will only log the cigarette. The study has three phases. In the first phase, participants will complete surveys and cigarette logs without receiving intervention messages. In the second phase, they will receive motivational messages at random times. In the third phase, message timing and content will be tailored using information collected during the earlier phases. The study will examine whether personalized motivational messages can help participants forgo smoking in daily life.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 21 years or older. * Has smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime. * Currently smokes cigarettes every day. * Smokes 10 or fewer cigarettes per day. * Owns a compatible smartphone with reliable internet access and is willing to install and use the \*spark\* study application. * Able to read and understand English. * Willing and able to complete smartphone-based assessments, self-initiated cigarette-event logs, and daily evening surveys for the study duration. * Able and willing to provide informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Current use of electronic cigarettes or vaping products. * Unable to provide informed consent. * Does not have a compatible smartphone or reliable internet access. * Unable to complete study procedures because of a cognitive, visual, motor, or other impairment not accommodated by the study procedures. * Currently enrolled in another smoking-cessation intervention study that would conflict with study participation.