Vaccine Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: a Global Cross-sectional Study

This study aims to investigate vaccine-related knowledge, attitude, vaccine confidence and vaccine hesitancy among MSM across multiple countries and regions.

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants will be eligible for the study if they meet all of the following conditions: 1. Have resided in a participating country or region for at least six months. 2. Are aged 18 years or older. 3. Self-identify as MSM, with eligibility in certain participating countries and regions potentially extended to transgender women and non-binary individuals who have sexual relations with men, using the same questionnaire. Exclusion Criteria: * Participants will be excluded if they meet any of the following conditions: 1. Are aged under 18 years. 2. Decline to participate in the study or fail to complete the informed consent process. 3. Have not resided, or do not currently reside, in a participating country or region. 4. Submit duplicate responses from the same IP address or device. 5. Fail data quality checks, including automated or fraudulent submissions and failure to pass human verification procedures.