The Effects of an Evening Snack of Walnuts on Diet and Sleep Quality in Adolescents

The goal of this study is to examine whether an evening snack of 1 oz of walnuts consumed in place of usual evening snacks for 4 weeks has a beneficial effect on diet quality and sleep quality in adolescents age 13-17 years.

Adolescent Inclusion Criteria: * Age 13 to 17 years * Enrolled in school (secondary education) that has defined start and end times (i.e., traditional in-person school or home/virtual school with a consistent schedule) * Consumes snacks in the evening (between dinner and sleep) on most nights * Able to read and answer questions in English Adolescent Exclusion Criteria: * Sleep disorder (e.g., insomnia, sleep disordered breathing, narcolepsy) * Developmental disorder (e.g., autism, intellectual disability, developmental delay) * Diabetes * Any other medical condition impacting sleep or diet * Taking supplements or medications that affect sleep or eating behavior, including melatonin supplements * Current allergy or history of allergy to tree nuts or peanuts (any severity) * Other current severe food allergies * Unwilling to consume walnuts daily * Already consumes tree nuts 1 or more times per week * Parent/guardian not willing to participate Parent Inclusion Criteria * Parent/guardian of a participating adolescent * Age 18 years or older * Able to read and answer questions in English There are no additional exclusion criteria for parents