ATR-FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy of Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid in Peri-Implantitis

Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the tissues surrounding dental implants and may lead to supporting bone loss. Current diagnosis is mainly based on clinical and radiographic findings. However, these methods may not fully reflect the biological changes occurring around implants. The purpose of this observational study is to evaluate whether peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF), a biological fluid collected from around dental implants, shows different molecular characteristics in peri-implant health and peri-implantitis. Adults who have at least one healthy dental implant and one implant with peri-implantitis will be included. For each participant, PICF samples will be collected from one healthy implant and one peri-implantitis implant. The samples will be analyzed using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. These techniques provide molecular information about biological samples without requiring additional invasive procedures. The study will compare the spectral profiles obtained from healthy and peri-implantitis sites and evaluate whether these profiles can distinguish peri-implant health from peri-implantitis. Relationships between spectral findings and clinical factors, including probing depth, bleeding on probing, suppuration, radiographic bone loss, smoking status, and diabetes status, will also be explored.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 years or older Presence of dental implants that have been in function for at least 1 year Presence of at least one peri-implant healthy implant and at least one implant with peri-implantitis in the same participant Ability and willingness to provide written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnancy or breastfeeding Use of systemic antibiotics within the previous 3 months History of periodontal or peri-implant treatment within the previous 6 months