Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing Versus Incentive Spirometry After Thoracic Surgery

This randomized controlled pilot study will compare intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) with incentive spirometry (IS) in adult patients undergoing thoracic surgery. The study aims to evaluate the effects of these two postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation interventions on lung volume recovery, respiratory muscle strength, oxygenation, pulmonary complications, and overall postoperative recovery. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the IPPB group or the IS group. Assessments will be performed before surgery and after the intervention period.

Inclusion Criteria: * Willing and able to provide written informed consent. Adults aged 18 years or older. Undergoing thoracic surgery. Considered eligible by a specialist physician to participate in pulmonary rehabilitation training. Exclusion Criteria: * Unable to cooperate with the study procedures. Untreated pneumothorax. Severe hemodynamic instability. Active hemoptysis or gastrointestinal bleeding. Intracranial pressure greater than 15 mmHg. Recent facial, oropharyngeal, or cranial surgery or injury. Tracheoesophageal fistula. Recent esophageal surgery. Nausea or vomiting. Pulmonary bullae identified on imaging.