Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the Healthy Beat Acupunch Regimen on Physical Fitness, Sleep Quality, and Quality of Life Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

This study will evaluate the effects and preliminary cost-effectiveness of the Healthy Beat Acupunch (HBA) exercise program among community-dwelling older adults in Thailand. HBA is a 40-minute exercise program that combines gentle body movements with rhythmic tapping along traditional Chinese medicine meridian points. Older adults in the intervention group will participate in HBA exercise three times per week for 6 months. During months 1-3, the sessions will be led by trained exercise leaders. During months 4-6, participants will exercise using a prerecorded HBA video, with personnel present to monitor safety. Participants in the control group will continue their usual daily activities and usual health services without receiving the HBA program during the study period. Physical fitness, sleep quality, and health-related quality of life will be assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The study will also compare the direct and indirect costs of the leader-led and video-led phases and conduct a preliminary cost-effectiveness analysis to examine whether the HBA program may be a practical and sustainable health-promotion approach for older adults living in the community.

Inclusion Criteria: * Community-dwelling adults aged 60 years or older. * Barthel Index score of 61 or higher, indicating independence or only mild dependence in activities of daily living. * Able to stand and walk without a walking aid. * Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) score of 8 or higher. * Able to communicate in Thai. * No visual or hearing impairment that would interfere with participation in the study. * Willing to participate and able to provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: \- Severe cardiovascular or respiratory conditions that may make exercise unsafe, such as ischemic heart disease, severe cardiac arrhythmia, severe hypertension, or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Severe musculoskeletal disorders that prevent participation in the exercise program. \- Any medical condition or medical advice indicating that the participant should not exercise.