Changes in Anxiety, Depression, Hopelessness, Spirituality, and Distress Levels Before and After Radiotherapy in Cancer Patients

This observational study evaluates changes in anxiety, depression, hopelessness, spirituality, and distress levels in adult cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Participants complete standardized questionnaires immediately before the first radiotherapy session and again immediately after completion of the entire radiotherapy course. The radiotherapy duration varies among patients but is approximately 5 weeks. The study aims to assess changes in psychological, emotional, and spiritual well-being during the course of radiotherapy.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Adults aged 18 to 85 years. 2. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of cancer. 3. Patients receiving radiotherapy at the study center. 4. Radiotherapy is ongoing at the time of the baseline assessment. 5. Able and willing to complete the study questionnaires immediately before the first radiotherapy session and immediately after completion of the entire radiotherapy course. 6. Willing to participate voluntarily in the study. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Age younger than 18 years or older than 85 years. 2. Cognitive impairment that prevents completion of the study questionnaires or participation in the required assessment. 3. Terminal-stage disease. 4. Unwillingness to participate in the study. 5. Failure to complete the post-radiotherapy assessment immediately after completion of the entire radiotherapy course.