SPSIP Block in Shoulder Artroscopy

The SPSIP block study aims to systematically describe the distribution of sensory blockade across the region involved in shoulder arthroscopy, as well as the degree of motor sparing of the ipsilateral upper limb and hemidiaphragm. We will assess the sensory response with a cold cotton swab that will be used to compare the sensation of the operated shoulder with that of the opposite (contralateral) shoulder. The patient will be asked whether the feeling of cold is unchanged or altered along the shoulder. This will be tested over an area extending 15 cm anteriorly, laterally and posteriorly. This test will take place 30 min after the SPSIP block. We will also assess the range of motion of the limb undergoing surgery before and after 30 min the anaesthetic procedure. The patient will be asked to perform shoulder abduction and external rotation movements, which the anesthesiologist will explain. We will also measure the diaphragmatic excursion using ultrasound. This procedure will also be performed before and 30 min after the nerve block: the patient will be asked to take deep breaths while the anesthesiologist performs the ultrasound scan. The study will include adult patients (≥ 18 years) scheduled for shoulder arthroscopy who receive an SPSIP block as the analgesic technique and are able to provide informed consent to study participation and to the processing of personal data will be enrolled.This is a single-centre study conducted exclusively at Piove di Sacco Hospital (Italy).

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients scheduled for shoulder arthroscopy receiving an SPSIP block as the analgesic technique. * Age ≥ 18 years. * Patients able to provide informed consent to study participation and to the processing of personal data. Exclusion Criteria: * Refusal to provide consent to study participation. * Pre-existing central or peripheral sensory neuropathy. * Estimated time between block performance and entry into the operating room of less than 30 minutes.