Effects of Music on Preoperative Anxiety and Emergence Delirium in Children

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of classical music listening on preoperative anxiety and postoperative emergence delirium in children aged 9-12 years undergoing elective surgery. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either a music intervention group or a control group receiving routine care. Children in the intervention group listened to classical music during the preoperative period and during emergence from anesthesia. Preoperative anxiety and the incidence and severity of emergence delirium were compared between the two groups.

Inclusion Criteria: Children aged 9-12 years Children classified as ASA physical status I or II Children scheduled to undergo an elective surgical procedure under general anesthesia Children with an estimated surgery duration of 1-3 hours Children without neurological disorders, chronic illnesses, or psychiatric diagnoses Children and their parents who agree to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria: Children younger than 9 years or older than 12 years Children classified as ASA physical status III or higher Children scheduled for surgery lasting less than 1 hour or more than 3 hours Children with chronic, neurological, or psychiatric conditions Children scheduled to undergo surgery under local anesthesia Children undergoing emergency surgery Children with a history of prematurity or congenital disease Children with visual or hearing impairments that could interfere with the music intervention or study assessments