Effects of Binaural Beats on Pain and Anxiety During Flexible Cystoscopy

This prospective, single-center, three-group clinical study aims to evaluate the effects of binaural beat stimulation on pain and anxiety in adult patients undergoing flexible cystoscopy. A total of 120 patients aged 18 to 80 years are planned to be included. Participants will be evaluated in three groups according to the auditory stimulation received during flexible cystoscopy: 5 Hz theta binaural beats (n = 40), 10 Hz alpha binaural beats (n = 40), and a control group without binaural beat stimulation (n = 40). The primary outcome will be pain intensity during flexible cystoscopy, assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes will include anxiety levels measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) before and after the procedure, as well as patient comfort and satisfaction. The study aims to determine whether binaural beat stimulation may provide a simple, non-invasive approach to improving patient comfort during flexible cystoscopy.

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 18 to 80 years. * Patients scheduled to undergo flexible cystoscopy for diagnostic or follow-up purposes. * Ability to provide written informed consent. * Ability to complete pain and anxiety assessment scales. * Adequate hearing ability to perceive auditory stimulation. Exclusion Criteria: * Active urinary tract infection. * Hearing loss or a history of severe tinnitus. * History of epilepsy. * Use of sedative, anxiolytic, or analgesic medications within the previous 24 hours. * History of significant psychiatric disorders. * Severe cognitive impairment. * Inability to complete the flexible cystoscopy procedure.