Comparison of Ketorolac and Dexmedetomidine as An Adjunct to Lignocaine in Prevention of Tourniquet Induced Pain During Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

This study compared ketorolac and dexmedetomidine when added to lignocaine to prevent pain caused by a tourniquet during intravenous regional anesthesia. This technique involved injecting a local anesthetic into a vein to numb an arm or leg for surgery. A tourniquet, a tight cuff placed around the limb, restricted blood flow but could cause pain during the procedure. The study was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, and was designed to include 70 patients aged 18-60 years undergoing surgery on the lower part of an arm or leg. Two treatment groups of 35 patients each received lignocaine with either dexmedetomidine or ketorolac. Pain was assessed on a scale from 0 to 10 at 15, 30, and 45 minutes after tourniquet application. Additional pain relief was administered when the pain score reached 4 or higher.

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients aged 18-60 years undergoing distal upper or lower limb surgeries utilizing IVRA. * Both male and female patients. * ASA physical status 1 and 2 Exclusion Criteria: * H/O IHD, arrhythmias, uncontrolled hypertension/diabetes as determined on history and medical records. * Patients with anatomical abnormalities. * Pregnant and nursing women. * Known allergies to drugs used in the study. * Prolonged surgical procedure more than 1.5 hours.