Diode Laser Added to Non-Surgical Treatment for Peri-Implant Mucositis

This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the clinical and biological effects of adjunctive diode laser therapy in the non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis. Adult participants with peri-implant mucositis were allocated to receive either conventional non-surgical mechanical treatment alone or the same treatment combined with adjunctive diode laser therapy. Clinical outcomes included bleeding on probing, plaque index, and probing depth, assessed at baseline and during a 12-month follow-up. Biological outcomes included peri-implant crevicular fluid volume and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels, assessed at baseline and 4-6 weeks after treatment. The implant was considered the experimental unit.

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults with a diagnosis of peri-implant mucositis according to the 2017 World Workshop criteria. * Presence of at least one eligible dental implant with a tapered macrodesign, internal connection, and no polished collar. Implant located in a posterior region of the dental arch (premolar or molar). Implant supporting a fixed screw-retained prosthetic restoration consisting of either a single crown or two splinted crowns supported by two implants without an intervening pontic. Exclusion Criteria: * Systemic diseases capable of altering the immune response. * Chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. * Systemic antibiotic therapy during the previous 6 months. * Non-surgical peri-implant treatment during the previous 6 months. * Surgical peri-implant treatment during the previous 12 months. * Previous treatment with bisphosphonates or calcium supplements. * History of radiotherapy to the head and neck region.