Structured Debriefing and Institutional Trust After a Mass-Casualty Simulation

This single-center, randomized, parallel-group trial evaluates whether adding a structured psychological and organizational support module to the standard technical debriefing via the PEARLS method after a full-scale hospital mass-casualty incident simulation increases healthcare professionals' confidence in their institution's ability to respond to a mass-casualty incident. Adult hospital professionals with an operational role in the exercise will complete a baseline questionnaire immediately after the exercise and before allocation. Participants will then be randomized 1:1 to standard debriefing control module or to standard debriefing plus a structured psychological and organizational support module. The primary outcome is the post-debriefing institutional confidence score, calculated as the mean of three 7-point Likert items and analyzed with adjustment for the pre-debriefing score.

Inclusion Criteria: * adult hospital professional with an operational role during the exercise * study information received * voluntary agreement to participate Exclusion Criteria: * actors or standardized patients playing victims * evaluators, organizers, or facilitators without an operational role in the scenario * refusal to participate in the study