Effects of Scapular Training on Adolescent Boxers

Boxing is a combat sport that requires repetitive, high-speed upper extremity movements, placing substantial demands on shoulder stability, scapular control, and neuromuscular coordination. Repetitive punching movements may contribute to scapular dyskinesis, shoulder dysfunction, and impaired upper extremity performance. Scapular stabilization exercises aim to improve scapular positioning, muscle activation, and movement coordination by targeting key stabilizing muscles, including the serratus anterior and trapezius. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of scapular stabilization exercises on scapular control and upper extremity performance in adolescent boxers. Scapular control, muscular endurance, stability, strength, balance, and reaction time will be assessed to determine changes following the exercise intervention. The findings are expected to provide evidence regarding the potential benefits of scapular stabilization training for improving upper extremity function and sports performance in adolescent boxers.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Must be a licensed athlete 2. Must have been boxing for at least 2-3 years 3. Must be between the ages of 10 and 19 4. Must not have previously undergone any exercise-based treatment for the scapula 5. Maximum pain score of 5/10 or less on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) 6. Ability to continue the program 7. Voluntary participation in the study Exclusion Criteria: 1. Presence of concomitant mental health issues, rheumatological, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, or pulmonary conditions 2. Rotator cuff tendon tears across all layers, fractures, dislocations, nerve injuries, and other conditions causing shoulder pain. 3. History of trauma or shoulder surgery. 4. Patients with scoliosis or acute cervical spondylosis. 5. Shoulder flexion or abduction angle less than 90°. 6. History of a serious musculoskeletal injury or surgery within the past 6 months 7. Presence of vision and/or hearing loss 8. Communication difficulties 9. Active infections, active inflammatory diseases, tumors, neurological disorders, and changes in cognitive function (such as stroke, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and peripheral neuropathy), systemic diseases affecting the joints (such as rheumatoid arthritis), and severe osteoporosis-as well as other conditions that are incompatible with or prevent completion of the treatment plan. 10. Patients who refuse to undergo treatment.