Effect of Double-Tap Optimization on Valve Expansion and Hemodynamics in Balloon-expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Randomized Clinical Trial (DO-OPT TAVI Trial)

This study will compare two balloon inflation strategies during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), a procedure used to replace a severely narrowed aortic valve through a catheter. A balloon-expandable replacement valve may not fully expand during its initial placement. An additional inflation using the same balloon and the same inflation volume, called "Double-Tap," may improve valve expansion and function. Its benefits and risks need to be evaluated in a randomized trial. This prospective, multicenter study aims to include 250 adults with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI with an Edwards SAPIEN-family balloon-expandable valve. After successful valve implantation, participants for whom an additional inflation is considered technically feasible and clinically appropriate will be randomly assigned in equal numbers to Double-Tap or conventional single inflation. Patients requiring therapeutic post-dilatation for moderate or greater leakage around the implanted valve will not undergo randomization. The main question is whether Double-Tap improves valve expansion immediately after TAVI, as measured using fluoroscopic X-ray images. The study will also compare blood flow through the valve, valve expansion and signs of valve thrombosis on cardiac computed tomography, procedure-related complications, and clinical outcomes. Participants will undergo echocardiography before discharge and at 3-6 and 12 months, and cardiac computed tomography at 3-6 months. Clinical follow-up will continue for at least 12 months, with annual follow-up thereafter until the last enrolled participant completes the 12-month visit.

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients ≥ 19 years old * Patients undergoing TAVI using a Sapien family valve for severe AS * Provision of informed consent Exclusion criteria: * Subannular calcification * Bicuspid aortic valve with raphe calcification * Valve-in-valve TAVI procedure * Planned major surgery * Cardiogenic shock or hemodynamic instability * Chronic kidney disease stage 3b, 4, or 5 (eGFR \