Media Use, Anxiety, Sedation, and Recovery in Children Having Upper GI Endoscopy

This observational study will investigate whether problematic digital media use is associated with anxiety in children undergoing a planned upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, a camera examination of the upper digestive tract. The study hypothesis is that problematic media use is associated with the child's anxiety immediately before sedation. Associations with sedation medicine requirements and recovery after the procedure will also be explored. The study will include 60 children aged 6 to 11 years. Parents or legal guardians will complete a questionnaire about their child's media use and provide information on screen time and viewing habits. An independent observer will assess anxiety at three time points: on arrival in the preparation area, before transfer to the procedure room, and immediately before sedation. Researchers will record the medicines and doses used for sedation or anaesthesia, procedure duration, agitation during recovery, recovery time, readiness for discharge, and sedation-related adverse events. Endoscopy and sedation will be managed according to routine clinical practice.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 6-11 years; ASA I-II; scheduled for elective diagnostic upper GI endoscopy under sedation or general anesthesia. * Turkish-speaking parent/legal representative able to report media use and complete forms; written consent and child assent. Exclusion Criteria: * Emergency or therapeutic endoscopy; concurrent colonoscopy/other procedure; ASA III-IV. * Condition or communication difficulty preventing reliable mYPAS assessment. * Regular sedative/antipsychotic use; unreliable media-use report; prior enrollment; incomplete PMU scale or essential data. Antiepileptic use alone is not an exclusion criterion; the anesthesiologist will assess eligibility individually.