Comparative Effects of Exercises on Reactive Balance and Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

This randomized clinical trial is comparing the effects of sensory perturbation and dual task training in combination with square-stepping exercises on reactive balance and fall risk in community-dwelling older adults. Thirty-four (34) older adults who will meet inclusion criteria will be recruited by using non-probability convenient sampling from an old age home. A complete physical history and data of demographic characteristics (age, height, weight, BMI etc.) will be collected from the participants. For intervention participants will be randomly allocated into two groups i.e., A and B. Group A will receive square-stepping exercises with sensory perturbation for 30 minutes, 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks. Group B will receive square-stepping exercises with dual task training for 30 minutes, 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks. Both groups will also receive conventional training for 30 minutes. Measurements of fall risk and reactive balance will be taken at baseline and at 6th week.

Inclusion Criteria: Aged 60-85 years Both males and females Can walk independently with or without an assistive device Fall efficacy scale = 9-13 TUG =10.9 + 3.9 (20) For cognitive functions: MMSE = 24-30 Must be community-dwelling Exclusion Criteria: Older adults with neurological conditions and sensori-motor impairments. Severe musculoskeletal impairments e.g., recent fracture Vestibular disorders e.g., Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). Severe visual impairment due to diabetic retinopathy or cataracts. Cardiovascular or cardiopulmonary instability. (Only if the condition could impair their ability to cooperate or is associated with rapid deterioration).