Effects of Clinic Versus mHealth Application-Based Shoulder Rehabilitation in Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis

This quasi-experimental study aims to compare clinic-based versus mHealth application-based shoulder rehabilitation in patients with adhesive capsulitis, focusing on shoulder range of motion, functional disability, pain intensity, and exercise adherence.

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with unilateral frozen shoulder. * Patients with stage 2 adhesive capsulitis (frozen stage). * Loss of ≥50% of shoulder ROM in both active and passive range, symmetrical in all directions, with symptoms persisting for at least 4 months. * Patients will be allocated based on feasibility: individuals unable to attend regular clinic sessions but having access to a smartphone will be assigned to the app-based rehabilitation group, while those able to attend regular clinic sessions will be assigned to the supervised rehabilitation group. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with systemic illnesses such as diabetes mellitus or rheumatoid arthritis. * Patients with shoulder pathologies including rotator cuff tears, ligament injuries, or malignancies in the shoulder region. * Patients with neurological disorders affecting the upper limb. * Patients with a history of previous surgery or manipulation under anesthesia of the affected shoulder. * Secondary adhesive capsulitis caused by trauma such as shoulder fracture or dislocation. * Local corticosteroid injection to the affected shoulder within the last three months or current corticosteroid therapy. Pregnancy.