Effect of Resistance Exercise in Hemodialysis Patients

This study aims to evaluate the effect of a resistance exercise program on patients undergoing hemodialysis, assessing its impact on physical performance, health-related quality of life and overall clinical outcomes

Inclusion Criteria: * Age \> 18 years. * Diagnosed with ESRD and on maintenance hemodialysis for at least 3 consecutive months. * Receiving haemodialysis 3 times/week. * A participant completing ≥80% of scheduled sessions will be considered adherent. * Clinically stable for a predefined period. * Able to stand and walk sufficiently to perform functional tests. * Stable vascular access. * Adequate cognitive ability to understand the instructions. * Capable of providing informed written consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Unstable angina or severe uncompensated cardiovascular disease. * Severe musculoskeletal, neurological or orthopedic limitations preventing exercise. * Severe symptomatic anemia (Hb \< 8 g/dL) not responsive to therapy. * Active infection or acute systemic illness.